The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which was established in 1901, is one of America's oldest physical science laboratories. Its mission is science and technology to improve quality of life and productivity in American industry. NIST is a U.S. Department of Commerce member. Its staff collaborates closely with federal agencies in order to develop standards, metrics and best practices that increase productivity, improve economic security, facilitate trade, and facilitate commerce. NIST plays an important role in the improvement of U.S. industrial competivity and quality assurance.
NIST's mission promotes innovation and scientific advancement in the United States. NIST maintains two offices in Gaithersburg and Boulder, Maryland. In addition to developing standards, metrics, and best practices, NIST also conducts research to develop the technological infrastructure of the U.S. Its laboratories support technological innovations in a variety of fields, including nanoscale science, engineering, physical measurement, and material measurement.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) was originally established as a metrology bureau. The Bureau of Standards began its existence as a metrology agency. Its primary mission was to solve national problems of science, technology, or commerce. The standards were created for many industries including electronics, automotive brake systems, clothing and public health. The Bureau of Standards maintained a facility that produced optical glass. This was also used for solving multiple problems during World War I.
NIST also creates standards, metrics and best practices in a range of industries including electronics, transport, manufacturing and public health. NIST supports industry in developing procedures to improve their manufacturing production. NIST also develops Federal Information Processing Standards, or FIPS, which are approved by the Secretary of Commerce.
Journal of Research of National Institute of Standards and Technology published by NIST is also an official scientific journal. The Nature Index shows NIST’s research outputs. NIST currently holds the title of North America's most important research center.
In 1988, NIST was created to represent the wide scope of NBS’s mission. The Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1989, signed into law by President Reagan on August 23, 1988 expanded NBS's technical knowledge and gave NIST additional responsibilities. The law explicitly recognized traditional measurement services.
NIST will provide full-service measurement services. It will also expand its technology assistance to extension services and coordinate state extension services with federal technology transfer programs. To expand its reach, it will collaborate with an existing network. It will also hold workshops on technological topics to ensure NIST resources are efficiently used.
NIST will continue as a strategic partner to improve U.S. industrial competivity by providing American industries with technology, standards and best-practices. NIST assists federal agencies in developing cost-effective programs and standards. It places great emphasis on national defense. Although the recommendations are not binding for private sector companies, they serve as a base for federal agencies.
FAQ
What are the requirements to start a logistics business?
You need to have a lot of knowledge and skills to manage a successful logistic business. To communicate effectively with clients and suppliers, you must be able to communicate well. It is important to be able to analyse data and draw conclusions. You will need to be able handle pressure well and work in stressful situations. To increase efficiency and creativity, you need to be creative. You must be a strong leader to motivate others and direct them to achieve organizational goals.
To meet tight deadlines, you must also be efficient and organized.
What is the difference between Production Planning, Scheduling and Production Planning?
Production Planning (PP) refers to the process of determining how much production is needed at any given moment. This is done through forecasting demand and identifying production capacities.
Scheduling refers the process by which tasks are assigned dates so that they can all be completed within the given timeframe.
What are the differences between these four types?
Manufacturing refers the process of turning raw materials into useful products with machines and processes. Manufacturing involves many activities, including designing, building, testing and packaging, shipping, selling, service, and so on.
What are the 7 Rs of logistics management?
The acronym 7Rs of Logistics refers to the seven core principles of logistics management. It was developed and published by the International Association of Business Logisticians in 2004 as part of the "Seven Principles of Logistics Management".
The acronym is made up of the following letters:
-
Responsible – ensure that all actions are legal and don't cause harm to anyone else.
-
Reliable: Have faith in your ability or the ability to honor any promises made.
-
Use resources effectively and sparingly.
-
Realistic – consider all aspects of operations, from cost-effectiveness to environmental impact.
-
Respectful - show respect and treat others fairly and fairly
-
Reliable - Find ways to save money and increase your productivity.
-
Recognizable - provide customers with value-added services.
What is the difference between a production planner and a project manager?
The main difference between a production planner and a project manager is that a project manager is usually the person who plans and organizes the entire project, whereas a production planner is mainly involved in the planning stage of the project.
Are there ways to automate parts of manufacturing?
Yes! Since ancient times, automation has been in existence. The Egyptians discovered the wheel thousands and years ago. Robots are now used to assist us in assembly lines.
Robotics is used in many manufacturing processes today. These include:
-
Assembly line robots
-
Robot welding
-
Robot painting
-
Robotics inspection
-
Robots that produce products
Automation can be applied to manufacturing in many other ways. 3D printing is a way to make custom products quickly and without waiting weeks or months for them to be manufactured.
How can manufacturing excess production be decreased?
Better inventory management is key to reducing excess production. This would reduce time spent on activities such as purchasing, stocking, and maintaining excess stock. We could use these resources to do other productive tasks.
A Kanban system is one way to achieve this. A Kanban board, a visual display to show the progress of work, is called a Kanban board. Work items are moved through various states to reach their destination in a Kanban system. Each state is assigned a different priority.
For instance, when work moves from one stage to another, the current task is complete enough to be moved to the next stage. However, if a task is still at the beginning stages, it will remain so until it reaches the end of the process.
This allows for work to continue moving forward, while also ensuring that there is no work left behind. Managers can monitor the work being done by Kanban boards to see what is happening at any given time. This allows them the ability to adjust their workflow using real-time data.
Another way to control inventory levels is to implement lean manufacturing. Lean manufacturing seeks to eliminate waste from every step of the production cycle. Waste includes anything that does not add value to the product. The following are examples of common waste types:
-
Overproduction
-
Inventory
-
Packaging that is not necessary
-
Materials in excess
These ideas will help manufacturers increase efficiency and lower costs.
Statistics
- [54][55] These are the top 50 countries by the total value of manufacturing output in US dollars for its noted year according to World Bank.[56] (en.wikipedia.org)
- According to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), China is the top manufacturer worldwide by 2019 output, producing 28.7% of the total global manufacturing output, followed by the United States, Japan, Germany, and India.[52][53] (en.wikipedia.org)
- You can multiply the result by 100 to get the total percent of monthly overhead. (investopedia.com)
- (2:04) MTO is a production technique wherein products are customized according to customer specifications, and production only starts after an order is received. (oracle.com)
- Job #1 is delivering the ordered product according to specifications: color, size, brand, and quantity. (netsuite.com)
External Links
How To
How to use the Just In-Time Production Method
Just-intime (JIT), a method used to lower costs and improve efficiency in business processes, is called just-in-time. It is a process where you get the right amount of resources at the right moment when they are needed. This means that your only pay for the resources you actually use. Frederick Taylor, a 1900s foreman, first coined the term. He noticed that workers were often paid overtime when they had to work late. He realized that workers should have enough time to complete their jobs before they begin work. This would help increase productivity.
The idea behind JIT is that you should plan ahead and have everything ready so you don't waste money. The entire project should be looked at from start to finish. You need to ensure you have enough resources to tackle any issues that might arise. If you expect problems to arise, you will be able to provide the necessary equipment and personnel to address them. This way you won't be spending more on things that aren’t really needed.
There are several types of JIT techniques:
-
Demand-driven JIT: This is a JIT that allows you to regularly order the parts/materials necessary for your project. This will enable you to keep track of how much material is left after you use it. It will also allow you to predict how long it takes to produce more.
-
Inventory-based: You stock materials in advance to make your projects easier. This allows one to predict how much they will sell.
-
Project-driven : This is a method where you make sure that enough money is set aside to pay the project's cost. When you know how much you need, you'll purchase the appropriate amount of materials.
-
Resource-based JIT: This is the most popular form of JIT. You assign certain resources based off demand. You might assign more people to help with orders if there are many. If you don’t have many orders you will assign less people to the work.
-
Cost-based: This is a similar approach to resource-based but you are not only concerned with how many people you have, but also how much each one costs.
-
Price-based: This approach is very similar to the cost-based method except that you don't look at individual workers costs but the total cost of the company.
-
Material-based: This is quite similar to cost-based, but instead of looking at the total cost of the company, you're concerned with how much raw materials you spend on average.
-
Time-based JIT: A variation on resource-based JIT. Instead of focusing solely on the amount each employee costs, focus on how long it takes for the project to be completed.
-
Quality-based JIT: Another variation on resource-based JIT. Instead of focusing on the cost of each worker or how long it takes, think about how high quality your product is.
-
Value-based JIT : This is the newest type of JIT. You don't worry about whether the products work or if they meet customer expectations. Instead, your focus is on the value you bring to the market.
-
Stock-based: This inventory-based approach focuses on how many items are being produced at any one time. It's used when you want to maximize production while minimizing inventory.
-
Just-in time (JIT), planning: This is a combination JIT/supply chain management. It's the process of scheduling delivery of components immediately after they are ordered. This is important as it reduces lead time and increases throughput.